sexta-feira, 2 de março de 2012

PSDB reforça tese de que lei de ferro das oligarquias é irrevogável

FOLHA DE S.PAULO, 02/03/2012, A8

Celso Roma*

Todas as organizações tendem a concentrar o poder nas mãos de um pequeno grupo de indivíduos. Este é o mote da lei de ferro da oligarquia, retratada em “A Sociologia dos Partidos Políticos”, escrito em 1911 por Robert Michels. No caso dos partidos políticos, sejam eles socialistas, socialdemocratas ou conservadores, todos nascem sob o discurso da democracia, mas, com o passar do tempo, sucumbem à oligarquização.

Prova disso é que, aos 23 anos, o PSDB evitou as prévias como método de seleção de seus candidatos aos cargos eletivos no país.
Oportunidades para democratizar o partido não faltaram. Em 2006 e 2010, durante as eleições presidenciais, o PSDB passou por profundas crises geradas pela disputa entre os seus pré-candidatos. Nessas ocasiões, a alta cúpula definiu o candidato a presidente.
A única experiência de prévias no PSDB-SP ocorreu há vinte anos. Em 1992, os filiados foram consultados para escolher o candidato a prefeito e os partidos a serem aceitos numa coligação. Mesmo assim, a Executiva municipal interferiu na forma como a consulta foi realizada, alterando a composição da lista de pré-candidatos.
Um dos incluídos, com o apoio de líderes tucanos como Mário Covas, Fernando Henrique Cardoso e José Serra, o pré-candidato Fábio Feldmann venceu Getúlio Hanashiro, que, inconformado com a derrota, denunciou, nas palavras dele, o conchavo de última hora.
Naquela ocasião, a maioria dos filiados vetou uma aliança com o PMDB e permitiu a coligação com partidos de menor expressão como o PDT e o PV, uma decisão que se revelou imprudente.
Com o PSDB divido, Fábio Feldmann teve desempenho ruim nas urnas, sendo um dos candidatos menos preferidos pelos paulistanos na eleição para prefeito de 1992.
ESTATUTO
Fundado em 1988, o PSDB (Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira) estipulou em seu estatuto o princípio da democracia interna, que deveria garantir a máxima e permanente participação dos filiados na definição da orientação política, na seleção dos dirigentes, no processo decisório.
Mas, desde a fundação, o PSDB funciona como partido político de quadros, em que líderes tomam decisões e a participação dos demais filiados é mínima e esporádica.
A lei de ferro da oligarquia é irrevogável.

(*) Cientista político e especialista em partidos e eleições

41 comentários:

RafaelW disse...

Celso, essa é uma regra válida para os Partidos ou para os caciques que o dominam?

http://www.facebook.com/sergio.braga.9 disse...

Os políticos e os partidos brasileiros são muito toscos.

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Acho que vale para todos os partidos. Até mesmo para o PT. Basta ver a forma como algumas candidaturas estão sendo definidas pelos líderes, antes mesmo da base se manifestar. O caso da eleição de SP é exemplar. Forçaram Marta Suplicy a sair da disputa.
CELSO ROMA

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Pois então. No caso dos EUA, até o Partido Republicano faz prévistas razoavelmente honestas, pelo que a realização de prévias, por si só, não pode ser tomada como um indicador da inexorabilidade da leis. Trata-se de um traço da cultura política autoritária dos dirigentes partidário brazuca. No caso do PT foi mais grave ainda, pois os Aiatolás Lula/Zé Dirceu simplesmente enviaram um candidato "outsider" goela abaixo do partido, provavelmente por algum marketeiro de boa cepa. Nào sei não, mas estou sentido um cheiro de tiririca nessa eleição paulistana...

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